Three finalists - France, Turkey and a combined bid from former Yugoslav republics Bosnia, Croatia, Serbia-Montenegro and Slovenia - presented their bids Sunday to 19 representatives of FIBA's 20-member Central Board.
In the first round of voting, France received eight votes, while Turkey had seven and the combined bid got four votes, said FIBA president Carl Men Ky Ching.
Turkey won the second round of voting, receiving 10 votes against nine for France.
Australia and New Zealand, Italy, Rušia and Puerto Rico withdrew their bids earlier.
The last world championship was played in Indianapolis, with Yugoslavia winning the gold medal. The 2006 tournament will be played in Japan with 24 teams from five continents.